Step1 安装基本的依赖环境 #
安装 geos
#
wget http://download.osgeo.org/geos/geos-3.8.1.tar.bz2
tar -xf geos-3.8.1.tar.bz2
cd geos-3.8.1/
./configure
make
make install
安装 proj
#
wget https://download.osgeo.org/proj/proj-6.3.1.tar.gz
tar -xf proj-6.3.1.tar.gz
cd proj-6.3.1/
// 缺少sqlite3,先安装
apt-get install libsqlite3-dev
apt install sqlite3
./configure
make
安装GDAL
#
wget https://github.com/OSGeo/gdal/releases/download/v3.0.4/gdal-3.0.4.tar.gz
tar -xf gdal-3.0.4.tar.gz
cd gdal-3.0.4/
./configure
安装LibXML2
#
sudo apt-get install libxml2
sudo apt-get install libxml2-dev
安装json-c
#
apt install libjson-c-dev
Step2 下载 PostGIS 源码进行编程
#
wget https://download.osgeo.org/postgis/source/postgis-3.0.1.tar.gz
tar xvzf postgis-3.0.1.tar.gz
cd postgis-3.0.1
./configure --with-pgconfig=/export/home/postgres/11.5/bin/pg_config
apt-get install byacc
apt install protobuf-compiler libprotobuf-c-dev libprotobuf-c1
make //出问题就 make clean
make install
文档 #
http://postgis.net/docs/manual-dev/
创建模板数据库 #
create database postgis_template;
\c postgis_template;
CREATE EXTENSION IF NOT EXISTS plpgsql;
CREATE EXTENSION postgis;
CREATE EXTENSION postgis_raster; -- OPTIONAL
CREATE EXTENSION postgis_topology; -- OPTIONAL
从模板数据库创建数据库 #
CREATE DATABASE my_spatial_db TEMPLATE=postgis_template;
\c my_spatial_db;
POINT #
Creating a table with 2D point geography when srid is not specified defaults to 4326 WGS 84 long lat
CREATE TABLE ptgeogwgs(gid serial PRIMARY KEY, geog geography(POINT));
Creating a table with z coordinate point and explicitly specifying srid
CREATE TABLE ptzgeogwgs84(gid serial PRIMARY KEY, geog geography(POINTZ,4326) );
LINESTRING #
CREATE TABLE lgeog(gid serial PRIMARY KEY, geog geography(LINESTRING) );
POLYGON #
polygon NAD 1927 long lat #
CREATE TABLE lgeognad27(gid serial PRIMARY KEY, geog geography(POLYGON,4267) );
CREATE TABLE global_points (
id SERIAL PRIMARY KEY,
name VARCHAR(64),
location GEOGRAPHY(POINT,4326)
);
所有创建的表都在 geography_columns 系统视图中
SELECT * FROM geography_columns;
f_table_catalog | f_table_schema | f_table_name | f_geography_column | coord_dimension | srid | type
-----------------+----------------+---------------+--------------------+-----------------+------+------------
my_spatial_db | public | ptgeogwgs | geog | 2 | 4326 | Point
my_spatial_db | public | ptzgeogwgs84 | geog | 3 | 4326 | PointZ
my_spatial_db | public | lgeog | geog | 2 | 4326 | LineString
my_spatial_db | public | global_points | location | 2 | 4326 | Point
(4 rows)
You can insert data into the table the same as you would if it was using a GEOMETRY column:
-- Add some data into the test table
INSERT INTO global_points (name, location) VALUES ('Town', 'SRID=4326;POINT(-110 30)');
INSERT INTO global_points (name, location) VALUES ('Forest', 'SRID=4326;POINT(-109 29)');
INSERT INTO global_points (name, location) VALUES ('London', 'SRID=4326;POINT(0 49)');
Creating an index works the same as GEOMETRY. PostGIS will note that the column type is GEOGRAPHY and create an appropriate sphere-based index instead of the usual planar index used for GEOMETRY.
-- Index the test table with a spherical index
CREATE INDEX global_points_gix ON global_points USING GIST ( location );
Query and measurement functions use units of meters. So distance parameters should be expressed in meters, and return values should be expected in meters (or square meters for areas).
-- Show a distance query and note, London is outside the 1000km tolerance
SELECT name FROM global_points WHERE ST_DWithin(location, 'SRID=4326;POINT(-110 29)'::geography, 1000000);
导出空间数据导出为 shp #
cd /export/home/postgres/postgis-3.1.0dev/loader
./pgsql2shp -f “/home/gisdata/pg_export/xxx” -h localhost -u postgres -P postgres my_spatial_db “select * from global_points”
shp 导入为空间数据 #
cd /export/home/postgres/postgis-3.1.0dev/loader
./shp2pgsql -c -d -D -s 4326 -W utf-8 -i -I /home/gisdata/3d/hangzhou/hangzhou_shp.shp > hz.sql
psql -d my_spatial_db -f hz.sql
//或者用管道符号
./shp2pgsql -c -d -D -s 4326 -W utf-8 -i -I /home/gisdata/3d/hangzhou/hangzhou_shp.shp | psql -d my_spatial_db -f hz.sql
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